Understanding and reducing terrorism risks santa monica, ca. Pdf terrorism, organized criminal activity, and high. Second, since not all ungoverned territories are equally hospitable to terrorist and insurgent groups, we identify and analyze what we call conduciveness to terrorist presence on the basis of four other variables. Ungoverned territories can be failed or failing states, poorly controlled land or maritime borders, or areas within otherwise viable states where the central governments authority does. Burma and transnational crime scope of the problem transnational organized crime groups flourish in burma, trafficking contraband that includes drugs, humans, guns, wildlife, gems, and timber. This strategic guidance document describes the projected security environment and the key military missions for which the department of defense dod will prepare.
Thus, at its simplest construct, state sovereignty equates to control of territory. There are, however, a range of identifiable factors that help create an environment conducive to a terrorist presence. Referring to the aftermath of the 911 terrorist attacks, rumsfeld noted, when terrorists are driven out of countriesas they were in afghanistan they often find havens in the worlds many ungoverned regions. Farwell 23 analysis pakistan security issues concerning pakistans nuclear arsenal hans schippers. Thoughts on the nature and consequences of ungoverned spaces. Th ey can be failed or failing states, poorly controlled land or maritime borders, or areas within otherwise viable states to which the central governments authority does not extend. The rand corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing. Using a twotiered framework areas applied to eight case studies from around the globe, the. Using a twotiered framework area applied to eight case studies from around the globe, the authors seek to understand the conditions that give rise to ungoverned territories and what makes some ungoverned territories more conducive to a terrorist or insurgent presence than others. Second, since not all ungoverned territories are equally hospitable to terrorist.
Ungoverned territories can be failed or failing states, poorly controlled land or maritime borders or airspace, or areas within otherwise viable states where the central governments authority does not extend. Th is analysis of ungoverned territories can help the united states and its friends and allies develop more e. Ungoverned territories could be seen as a spinoff of the so called. Farwell 23 analysis pakistan security issues concerning pakistans nuclear arsenal hans schippers 30 analysis afghanistan. Studies of ungoverned territory have beenand remainstrongly influenced by the state failure literature that emerged in the 1990s. Ungoverned territories failed or failing states or ungoverned areas within otherwise viable statesgenerate all manner of security problems and can.
Apr 04, 2018 likewise, an investigative report prepared for the united states air force titled, ungoverned territories. Characteristics of ungoverned territories ungoverned territories are areas in which a state faces signi. Using a twotiered framework areas applied to eight case studies from around the globe, the authors of this groundbreaking work seek to understand the conditions that give rise to ungoverned. Forest 17 analysis a weapon of violence al qaeda and taliban video james p. The subject of state actors and antistate actors collaborating to profit off the drug trade is discussed in c. Rabasa, senior policy analyst at the rand corporation, will join us for a discussion of ungoverned spacesfailed or failing states, and what risks they pose for international peace and u. It is widely recognized that state security is no longer contingent upon a balance of power or the threat of conquering states, but global stability is now instead jeopardized by weak or fragile states. The politics of global public health in fragile states and. Thoughts on the nature and consequences of ungoverned spaces 1. The increasingly fragile, ungoverned space called nigeria. Ungoverned territories can be failed or failing states. Studies of ungoverned territory have beenand remainstrongly in. The losing war against ungoverned spaces by asst editor in essay, perspective april 28, 2015 we are now living in an era where ungoverned spaces, long the accomplice in jihadist activity, are playing a starring role.
Islamist candidates were able to campaign through mosques and madrassahs, as a result of which mullahs were elected to represent the federally administered tribal areas in the national assembly in 1997 and 2002. Ungoverned territories can also extend to airspace, for instance, air routes through south and central america and the caribbean that the countries a. Using a twotiered framework area applied to eight case studies from around the globe, the authors seek to understand the conditions that give rise to ungoverned territories and what makes some ungoverned. The rand corporations definition states that ungoverned territories can be failed or failing states. Rand ungoverned territories pdf this pdf document was made available from. Rather, these are sometimes called a zzone of competing governance or a zregion with parallel. Using a twotiered framework areas applied to eight case studies from. Using a twotiered framework areas applied to eight case studies from around the. But cfrs stewart patrick argues that the term fails.
Ungoverned territories can also extend to airspace, for instance, air routes. Eurojihad patterns of islamist radicalization and terrorism. Ungoverned territories defense technical information center. Using a twotiered framework areas applied to eight case studies from around the globe, the authors of this groundbreaking work seek to understand the conditions that give rise to ungoverned territories and make them conducive to. Support rand this pdf document was made available from. This study examines ungoverned territories and the challenges that these areas pose to u. These ungoverned territories gen erate all manner of security problems, such as civil con. Ungoverned territories by angel rabasa overdrive rakuten. Ungoverned territories rand view document details purchase this document a public service of the rand corporation. Havens and ungoverned areas sustain and promote terrorism and high crimes by serving as areas where actors can converge without fear of disruption or arrest to plot criminal and terrorist. Understanding and reducing terrorism risks see other formats.
Rabasa analyzes the conditions that give rise to ungoverned territories and how they can generate terrorist safe havens. There are, however, a range of identifiable factors that help create an. The preceding discussion has demonstrated that ungoverned spaces, coupled with the existence of powerful nonstate actors who operate from such territories, pose serious challenges to international law and to the institution of international responsibility because, at present, neither the state nor the ruling nonstate actor can be held. Limited electronic distribution rights make a charita. While scientific expertise exists to mitigate these failures in fragile states and ungoverned territories, inactions are mired by the lack of political will, international legal mandates, and capacity to strategically monitor multidisciplinary public health indicator failures. Despite these territories being seldom defined as ungoverned spaces, terra nullius, or. Eurojihad patterns of islamist radicalization and terrorism in europe throughout history, radicalization has involved social and economic conditions and issues of identity. Debt instruments of long tenure are rand ungoverned territories pdf not popular in the indian market. And the very existence of truly ungoverned space is questionable, as is its relationship to terrorism. Ungoverned spaces exist because integrating them offers few benefits and may pose high costs to host regimes. Understanding and reducing terrorism risks download pdf. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see rand permissions. Examines the sources and types of ungoverned territories and the security challenges that they.
Oct, 2015 the violence and chaos inside syria, where islamic state terrorists and other rebel groups control large portions of the country, is so dire that millions of people have fled and the u. Mar 10, 2015 the concept of africas ungoverned space has gained traction in the post911 era. The federally administered tribal areas were not allowed to organize political parties. Thoughts on the nature and consequences of ungoverned. Examines the sources and types of ungoverned territories and the security. Both rands definition and the one cited above testify eloquently that the discussion. The aforementioned rand corporation study concluded that the likelihood of terrorist groups emerging in ungoverned territories depends on conduciveness. Many of the crises that have required intervention by u. Ungoverned space, fragile states, and global threats. Of course, jihadists dont magically appear wherever central governments are weak.
Ungoverned territoriesfailed or failing states or ungoverned areas within otherwise viable statesgenerate all manner of security problems and can become terrorist sanctuaries. Governance and conflict in the sahels ungoverned space. Moreover, the term ungoverned spaces is a misnomer these areas are not. Bloomberg analyzed select conflicts from around the world that have resulted in areas beyond the control of state authorities. Understanding and reducing terrorism risks ungoverned territories. This research brief describes a rand project air force study of the factors that give rise to ungoverned territories and make some of them conducive to terrorists and insurgents. Jump down to document6 the rand corporation is a nonprofit research. Ungoverned spaces pose particularly vexing problems for international law, which remains conceptually tethered to the territorial state and mainly relies upon states and their institutions for. The christmas bomb attempt on a detroitbound plane has raised new concerns about ungoverned spaces. Apr 28, 2015 successful jihadists may become the governors of these ungoverned spaces, imposing sharia over them. Lamn area in which a state faces significant challenges in establishing control. Understanding and reducing terrorism risks, united statesbased nonprofit research organization, the rand corporation defines an ungoverned territory as an area in which a state faces significant challenges in establishing. Ungoverned territories can be failed or failing states, poorly controlled land or maritime borders, or areas within otherwise viable states where the central governments authority does not extend.
A 2007 rand report, for example, defines an ungoverned territory as. The presence of warlords is most obvious in afghanistan and the. However, we need to differentiate between different kinds of ungoverned territories, and give special attention to zones of competing governance places that are governed by entities other than the forces of an established nationstate and the hierarchy of loyalties within them. Characteristics of ungoverned territories ungoverned territories are areas in which a. On november 19, 2002, us defense secretary donald rumsfeld met with other hemispheric defense ministers in santiago, chile. Ungoverned territories failed or failing states or ungoverned areas within otherwise viable states generate all manner of security problems and can become terrorist sanctuaries. Counterterrorism, ungoverned spaces, and the role of. At the benign end of the continuum are otherwise healthy states that have lost control of some.
According to a recent rand corporation report, such areas, in. Political economy of ungoverned space and crude oil security challenges in nigerias niger delta article pdf available in central european journal of international and security studies 121. Understanding and reducing terrorism risk by angel rabasa, et al. Ungoverned territories failed or failing states or ungoverned areas within otherwise viable statesgenerate all manner of security problems and can become terrorist sanctuaries. An ungoverned space is defined according to a rand report as. Ungoverned territories can be failed or failing states, poorly controlled land or maritime borders, or areas within otherwise viable states where the central government. Thus, for the purposes of understanding and countering the most complex modern security challenges, we must focus on a more critical and far more common type of zungoverned space, one that is actually not ungoverned at all.
Recently, this focus has been shifted to ungoverned territories within viable states. Nonstate actors, ungoverned spaces and international. Since cold war, the focus of scholars remained on threat emanating from failed states to the regional and international security. Accordingly, a degeneration of the territorial state poses challenges to the systems functionality. An area in which a state faces significant challenges in establishing control. As a result, western powers have increased their footprints in africa, making the continent more militarized than at any other time since the end of the cold war. Boko haram exploits ungoverned spaces al jazeera america. Counterterrorism, ungoverned spaces, and the role of international law49 for the modern international legal system, therefore, the territorial state is a central organizing concept. The concept of ungoverned territories has recently become one of the hot terms of usamerican security politics. In testimony presented before the house oversight and government reform committee, subcommittee on national security and foreign affairs, angel rabasa discusses the security problems posed by ungoverned territories, and what could be done to address them. The ungoverned territories 6 february 2011 patricia mukhim one of the blessings of journalism involves forsaking the beaten track for the road less travelled. Ungoverned territories can thus be found along a continuum of state control. Aims to root out ungoverned spaces as hotbeds of terrorism.
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